Cross shaft refers to a type of universal joint used in automotive and mechanical systems. It is also known as a cross joint or U-joint. A cross shaft is a crucial component that allows the transmission of rotational power between shafts that are not aligned but intersect at an angle.
Universal joints create a reliable mechanical connection between several rotating axes. It is worth mentioning here that these axes do not remain parallel. On the contrary, they cross each other. The purpose of these shafts is to transmit motion or power. Sometimes, they provide both, for example in vehicles or industrial machinery. Of all the different types of joints available, the universal joint is one of the most common. There are two yokes, one on each shaft. They are kept connected by a cross-shaped intermediate member called a star wheel.
The power transmission shaft utilizes minimal space requirements, connecting the drive shaft to the driven shaft at an angle through the smoothing mechanism of the universal joint. Usually a set of 2 universal joints are installed in one shaft. During assembly, it is positioned at ① the same working angle ② the same plane and ③ the same phase to achieve uniform speed.
The universal joint consists of a star (cross) bearing and 4 grease-filled roller bearings. It can transmit high torque with low friction. Spiders with journal pins and bearing housings as outer rings are hot forged or cold formed and machined. They are subsequently carburized in a furnace for greater firmness and wear resistance. Parts are eventually ground to design dimensions to tight tolerances. Oil seals and dust caps are also used to protect the internal journal area from foreign objects. Choose from a variety of grades and materials to handle extreme conditions such as very hot/very cold temperatures.
Some typical applications for universal joints include electrical appliances, aircraft, instrumentation, control mechanisms, electronics, ordnance, medical and optical equipment, textile machinery, sewing machines, radio and tool drives. Different manufacturers use different materials to produce them. That is why you will find universal joints made of steel and thermoplastic. Steel products have a specific load shaft capacity, depending on their dimensions. On the other hand, thermoplastic varieties are suitable for light industrial applications. They are self-lubricating in addition to being lightweight, corrosion-resistant, have negligible clearance, and the ability to accommodate high speeds.
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